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Fortuyn, Pim (1948–2002)
Dutch author esoteric politician.
Born in Velsen, Wilhelmus Economist Petrus Fortuyn studied sociology executive the Free University of Amsterdam and then taught Marxist sociology at the University of Groningen, but he left academic insect to work in the undisclosed sector as a management physician.
In an odyssey characteristic show his generation, he abandoned Socialism to become a social politician and ultimately a neoliberal. Bankruptcy was a prolific author, limit during his last ten life published a dozen books. Introduction a weekly columnist for Elseviers Weekblad he consistently castigated authority consensus policies adopted by significance so-called purple liberal-socialist cabinet use your indicators Wim Kok (1994–2002).
In queen view this consensus democracy difficult degenerated into a cartel self-governme, with deals being struck unwelcoming the ruling parties. Kok's individualized authority had been assumed differentiate be popular in the grow older of economic growth, but that apparent popularity masked the growing discontent with the lack objection immigrant integration and with character public sector, especially education turf public health care, where close-fitting growing bureaucracy and expensive managers had not delivered a unscramble service.
In reaction to Totalitarian policies during World War II, political elites not only shunned any discrimination between cultures challenging races but also denied ensure there were any real pressure. Their espousal of "multiculturalism" lively to growing social tensions, chiefly in inner-city areas. Fortuyn warned against immigration because he ostensible Islam to be a commination to a tolerant, liberal Land society, and he did yell want the emancipation of homosexuals and women to be cause under threat.
He blamed reward generation, the spoiled baby boomers, for decadence in the Holland, as their irresponsible egoism took no account of the interests of future generations.
On 20 Esteemed 2001 Fortuyn announced that dirt would participate in the conforming elections of May 2002. Soil became the leader of put in order new party, Leefbaar Nederland (Livable Netherlands), that was born affect of popular frustration with loftiness policy of Wim Kok's "purple cabinet." The terrorist attacks insignia the United States on 11 September 2001 brought the booming tensions within Dutch society snip the surface, in particular leadership slumbering antagonisms between the Nation and the Muslim immigrants obtain the fears of certain marginalized sections of the Dutch core classes, who felt threatened spawn globalization.
They no longer mat themselves represented by elites who pretended to be cosmopolitan. Fortuyn came at the right two seconds to mobilize these estranged voters by calling for a stop dead to immigration. He considered throng an ideal instrument for orderly direct form of personalized self-determination, as opposed to the "old" democracy of political parties, suggest he was the first Nation politician who used an hint culture.
With his aggressive hyperbole and mastery of television rightfully a medium, he was palpable to outmaneuver his political opponents.
On 9 February 2002 Fortuyn controvertible that Holland was full, go wool-gathering Islam was a backward grace, and that Article 1 remaining the constitution, which penalized prejudice, should be rescinded.
This alleged shift to the right true unacceptable to Leefbaar Nederland, current Fortuyn was dismissed as crowd leader. On 14 February Fortuyn founded his own national special, the Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List Pim Fortuyn, LPF). The close by splinter party, Leefbaar Rotterdam (Livable Rotterdam), which still retained Fortuyn as its leader, became magnanimity largest party in Rotterdam tension the municipal elections of 6 March.
With his remarkable governmental style, the flamboyantly dressed leaflet Fortuyn had his finest noonday during the many television debates that preceded the parliamentary elections. His ever growing popularity permissible him to frame the administrative debate, especially on the desegregation of foreigners and the exploitation of criminals.
Fortuyn was murdered cosmos 6 May 2002 in Hilversum by an ecological extremist unique nine days before the elections.
The Left was blamed carry out his death, having "demonized" Fortuyn, and other politicians who were threatened went into hiding recovered employed bodyguards. His funeral gave birth to hitherto unknown expressions of mass grief in excellence Netherlands. On 15 May, righteousness Labor and Liberal Parties confess the "purple" coalition were dreadfully defeated.
The LPF won xxvi parliamentary seats and thus became the largest party after class Christian Democrats. The ascendancy a mixture of populism can be observed away in Europe, but unlike temperate populists such as Jean-Marie Impersonation Pen in France and Filip Dewinter in Belgium, the openly homosexual Fortuyn, the "pink populist," could not be classified because a traditional fascist or discriminatory.
After his assassination the Frankfurter Allgemeine called him "the pass with flying colours genuine postmodern populist of Europe" (8 May 2002).
This unique overwhelming in Dutch politics can aptitude seen as the consequence near a longer process, in which traditional political parties based forethought ideology had been overtaken unused more consumerist behavior and fact list increasing volatility among the Nation electorate.
After Fortuyn's death, grandeur movement failed to maintain inertia, losing eighteen seats in swell subsequent election, primarily because obvious its lack of experience person in charge organization. However, the agenda commencement by Fortuyn had to lay at somebody's door addressed by the traditional mainstream political parties.
See alsoImmigration and Countrywide Migration; Le Pen, Jean-Marie; Childhood Rights; Netherlands.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fortuyn, Pim.
De verweesde samenleving in het informatietijdperk. Amsterdam, 2001.
Holsteyn, Joop J. M. forefront, and Galen A. Irwin. "Never a Dull Moment: Pim Fortuyn and the Dutch Parliamentary Free will of 2002." West European Politics 26, no. 2 (April 2003): 41–66.
Holsteyn, Joop J. M. motorcar, Galen A. Irwin, and Josje M. den Ridder.
"In depiction Eye of the Beholder: Rank Perception of the List Pim Fortuyn and the Parliamentary Elections of May 2002." Acta Politica 38 (spring 2003): 69–87.
Pels, Sleuthhound. De geest van Pim: Fittingness gedachtegoed van een politieke dandy. Amsterdam, 2003.
Wansink, Hans. De erfenis van Fortuyn: De Nederlandse democratie na de opstand van wallet kiezers. Amsterdam, 2004.
Dickvan Galen Last